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Conditions of recruitment and temporary residence in selected countries |
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| Country |
Admission conditions |
Availability of domestic workers as grounds for refusal |
Quotas |
Length of stay (possibility for renewal) |
|
|
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| Australia |
Nominated by employer (exceptional stay of 3 months) |
Yes |
No |
2 years (renewable once) |
| 4 years (renewable for teachers) |
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| 3 months to 4 years for business specialists |
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| Canada |
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| Work permit required |
Preliminary authorization |
Yes |
No |
Maximum 3 years (renewable) |
| No work permit required |
Bilateral agreements |
No |
No |
Maximum 9 months (renewable) |
| United States |
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| H-1B (specialists) |
Prevailing wage required BA (4-year degree) + practice in the occupation |
No |
Yes |
Initial admission for 3 years (renewable once) |
| O (extraordinary ability) |
Consultation with peers |
No |
No |
Up to 10 years, depending on activity (must continue to work in field of expertise) |
| United Kingdom |
Employer must apply for work permit |
Yes a |
No |
Up to 4 years (renewals possible) |
| Restricted to highly skilled persons ('key workers') |
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| Adequate command of English |
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| France |
Employer must apply for work permit |
Yes a |
No |
9 months (renewable once and in exceptional cases twice) |
| Netherlands |
Employer must apply for work permit |
Yes a |
No |
1 year (renewable) |
| Germany |
Employer must apply for work permit |
Yes |
No |
1 year (renewable) |
|
(a) Exceptions for certain activities, or pay-related Sources: OECD, Trends in International Migration, 1998 and 1999 Editions, Paris | ||||
Stilwell et al. Human Resources for Health 2003 1:8 doi:10.1186/1478-4491-1-8 |
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