Table 4

Pearson correlations between HRH density and health indicators in EMR‡


IMR
U5MR
MMR
LE

Physician density




r
-0.695
-0.646
-0.605
0.661
Sig.
0.001
0.002
0.005
0.002
N
20
20
20
20
Nurse density




r
-0.817
-0.794
-0.777
0.807
Sig.
<0.000 1
<0.000 1
<0.000 1
<0.000 1
N
20
20
20
20
Female literacy*




r
-0.740
-0.746
-0.781
0.677
Sig.
<0.000 1
<0.000 1
<0.000 1
<0.000 1
N
20
20
20
20
Population living below poverty line




r
0.479
0.579
0.723
-0.511
Sig.
0.276
0.173
0.067
0.241
N
7
7
7
7
Per capita gross national income (US $)¥




r
-0.323
-0.370
-0.347
0.391
Sig.
0.282
0.213
0.245
0.186
N
13
13
13
13
Total expenditure on health




r
-0.074
-0.118
-0.058
0.051
Sig.
0.755
0.619
0.807
0.830
N
20
20
20
20

‡ Afghanistan and Somalia were found to be outliers and were therefore removed from the analysis, thus the above table is based on 20 of the EMR countries

* Data on Female literacy represents 1990 estimates for Djibouti, Iran, Lebanon, Libya, United Arab Emirates and Yemen; ad 2004 estimates for Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, and Tunisia

€ Data on population living below poverty line reflects 1997 estimates for Jordan, 1998 for Iran and Yemen, 1999 for Libya and Oman, and 2000 for Egypt and Syria

¥ Data on per capita gross national income reflects 2003 estimates

£ Data on Total Expenditure on Health reflects 2003 estimates

El-Jardali et al. Human Resources for Health 2007 5:9   doi:10.1186/1478-4491-5-9